Fundamentals of Solid State Engineering

Crystalline Properties of Solids.- Introduction.- Crystal lattices and the seven crystal systems .- The unit cell concept.- Bravais lattices .- Point groups.- Space groups.- Directions and planes in crystals: Miller indices.- Real crystal structures.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- The Reciprocal Lattice.- Introduction.- Diffraction by a crystal.- Structure factor.- Atomic form factor.- First Brillouin zone.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Electronic Structure of Atoms.- Introduction.- Spectroscopic emission lines and atomic structure of hydrogen.- Atomic orbitals.- Structures of atoms with many electrons.- Bonds in solids.- Introduction to energy bands.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics.- The quantum concepts.- Elements of quantum mechanics.- Simple quantum mechanical systems.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Electrons and Energy Band Structures in Crystals.- Introduction.- Electrons in a crystal.- Band structures in real semiconductors.- Band structures in metals.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Phonons.- Introduction.- Interaction of atoms in crystals: origin and formalism.- One-dimensional monoatomic harmonic crystal.- Sound velocity.- One-dimensional diatomic harmonic crystal.- Phonons.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Thermal Properties of Crystals.- Introduction.- Phonon density of states (Debye model).- Heat capacity.- Thermal expansion.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Equilibrium Charge Carrier Statistics in Semiconductors.- Introduction.- Density of states.- Effective density of states (conduction band).- Effective density of states (valence band).- Mass action law.- Doping: intrinsic vs. extrinsic semiconductor.- Charge neutrality.- Fermi energy as a function of temperature.- Carrier concentration in a semiconductor.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Non-Equilibrium Electrical Properties of Semiconductors.- Introduction.- Electrical conductivity.- Doping.- Charge carrier diffusion.- Carrier generation and recombination mechanisms.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Semiconductor Junctions.- Introduction.- Ideal p-n junction at equilibrium.- Non-equilibrium properties of p-n junctions.- Deviations from the ideal p-n diode case.- Metal-semiconductor junctions.- Summary.- Further reading.- Problems.- Optical Properties of Semiconductors.- Introduction.- Electron-photon interaction.- The dielectric permitivity of a solid.- Excitons.- Phonon-photon interaction.- Plasmons.- Electro-optical properties.- Electrons in a magnetic field.- Nonlinear optical properties.- Optical properties of important semiconductors.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Low Dimensional Quantum Structures.- Introduction.- two-dimensional structures: quantum wells.- One-dimensional structures: quantum wires.- Zero-dimensional structures: quantum dots.- Examples of low dimensional structures.- Optical properties of 3D, 2D, 1D and 0D structures.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Semiconductor Heterostructures.- Introduction.- Energy band offsets.- Type I alignment.- Type II alignments.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Compound Semiconductors and Crystal Growth Techniques.- Introduction.- III-V semiconductor alloys.- Bulk single crystal growth techniques.- Epitaxial growth techniques.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Silicon and Compound Semiconductor Device Technology.- Introduction.- Oxidation in Silicon.- Diffusion of dopants.- Ion implantation of dopants.- Characterization of diffused and implanted layers.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Semiconductor Characterization Techniques.- Introduction.- Structural characterization.- Optical characterization.- Electrical characterization.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Semiconductor Device Processing.- Introduction .- Photolithography.- Electron-beam lithography.- Etching.- Metallization.- Packaging of devices.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Transistors.- Introduction.- Overview of amplification and switching.- Bipolar junction transistors.- Heterojunction bipolar transistors.- Field effect transistors.- Summary.- References.- Problems.- Lasers - General Concepts.- Introduction.- Types of lasers.- General laser theory.- Ruby laser.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Semiconductor Lasers.- Introduction.- Population inversion.- Threshold condition and output power.- Homojunction Laser.- Heterojunction lasers.- Device Fabrication.- Separate confinement and quantum well lasers.- Laser packaging.- Distributed feedback lasers.- Material choices for common interband lasers.- Quantum cascade lasers.- Type II lasers.- Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers.- Low dimensional lasers.- Summary.- References .- Further reading.- Problems.- Photodetectors - General Concepts.- Introduction.- Electromagnetic radiation.- Photodetector parameters.- Thermal detectors.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Photon Detectors.- Introduction.- Types of photon detectors.- P-i-n photodiodes.- Avalanche photodiodes.- Schottky barrier photodiodes.- Metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes.- Type II superlattice photodetectors.- Quantum well intersubband photodetectors.- Photo-electromagnetic detectors.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Defects in Semiconductor Crystals.- Introduction.- Point defects.- Impurities.- Vacancies and substitutions.- Strain and stress.- Dislocations.- Stacking faults.- Summary.- References.- Further reading.- Problems.- Appendix.- The Kane model.- The Pseudopotential method.- Monte Carlo Methods

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