Aquaculture and Behavior

Contributors xiii Preface xiv Foreword by V.O. Crampton xvi 1 Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour 1 Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling 1.1 Why behaviour and aquaculture? 1 1.2 About aquaculture 2 1.3 Introducing the spotlight species 7 1.4 About behaviour 14 1.5 Fish welfare 20 1.6 Domestication, captive rearing and behaviour 24 1.6.1 Domestication and captive rearing 24 1.7 Criteria for effective and sustainable fish culture 27 1.8 Structure and content of this book 32 2 Fish in Aquaculture Environments 36 Malcolm Jobling 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Locomotion and swimming ability 37 2.3 Sensing environmental stimuli 39 2.4 Internal communication systems 47 2.5 Coping with adverse conditions 52 2.6 Contrasts in life history patterns and reproductive biology 55 2.7 Life history programming 58 2.8 Synopsis 61 3 Tools for Studying the Behaviour of Farmed Fish 65 Marie Laure Begout, Sunil Kadri, Felicity Huntingford and Borge Damsgard 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Describing and measuring behaviour 66 3.3 What we need to know about the behaviour of farmed fish 67 3.4 Indirect reconstruction of the behaviour of cultured fish 67 3.5 Methods of marking and tagging fish 69 3.6 Direct behavioural observation via video monitoring 71 3.7 Direct behavioural monitoring using electronic tags 74 3.8 Direct behavioural monitoring using echo integration 77 3.9 Measuring feeding behaviour in farmed fish 78 3.10 Synopsis 82 4 Movement and Orientation 87 Felicity Huntingford, William Hunter and Victoria Braithwaite 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Mechanisms 89 4.3 Development 93 4.4 Functions 96 4.5 Implications for aquaculture 100 4.6 Synopsis 112 5 Feeding Biology and Foraging 121 Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanara, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford 5.1 Introduction to the feeding biology of fishes 121 5.2 Foraging strategies of wild fish 122 5.3 Mechanisms 124 5.4 Development 129 5.5 Functions 132 5.6 Implications for aquaculture 134 5.7 Synopsis 143 6 Nutrition and Diet Choice 150 David Raubenheimer, Steve Simpson, Javier Sanchez-Vazquez, Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling 6.1 Introduction to what fish eat 150 6.2 Mechanisms 152 6.3 Development 157 6.4 Functions 161 6.5 Implications for aquaculture 166 6.6 Synopsis 176 7 Appetite and Feed Intake 183 Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanara, Chris Noble, Javier Sanchez-Vazquez, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford 7.1 Introduction 183 7.2 Mechanisms 189 7.3 Development 195 7.4 Functions 198 7.5 Implications for aquaculture 200 7.6 Synopsis 209 8 Avoiding Predators 220 Felicity Huntingford, Susan Coyle and William Hunter 8.1 Introduction 220 8.2 Mechanisms 224 8.3 Development 225 8.4 Functions 229 8.5 Implications for aquaculture 232 8.6 Synopsis 240 9 Fighting and Aggression 248 Borge Damsgard and Felicity Huntingford 9.1 Introduction 248 9.2 Mechanisms 251 9.3 Development 256 9.4 Functions 260 9.5 Implications for aquaculture 263 9.6 Synopsis 277 10 Reproductive Behaviour 286 Ian A. Fleming and Felicity Huntingford 10.1 Introduction 286 10.2 Mechanisms 291 10.3 Development 295 10.4 Functions 297 10.5 Implications for aquaculture 302 10.6 Solutions 310 10.7 Synopsis 314 11 Conclusions: Aquaculture and Behaviour 322 Felicity Huntingford, Malcolm Jobling and Sunil Kadri 11.1 The relevance of behaviour in current aquaculture systems 322 11.2 The relevance of behaviour in future aquaculture systems 327 Index 333

9781405130899

1